Environmental activist John Mussington and Barbuda Council member Jackie Frank are now awaiting a High Court ruling following the full hearing of their long-running legal challenge against the controversial Barbuda airport development project.

The matter was heard this week before the High Court of Antigua and Barbuda, where attorneys examined allegations that the airport expansion proceeded without proper environmental approvals, public consultation, or lawful planning procedures.

At the centre of the case are claims that the Antigua and Barbuda government allowed construction to begin without the required permits and later granted retrospective approval using Environmental Impact Assessments that opponents argue were deeply flawed and should never have been accepted by planning authorities.

Mussington and Frank, supported by the Global Legal Action Network (GLAN), contend that Barbudans were denied meaningful consultation and community consent before the project moved forward.

The airport development has remained one of Barbuda’s most contentious issues, drawing criticism from environmental advocates who argue that the project threatens the island’s fragile ecosystem and opens the door for large-scale luxury tourism developments targeting the ultra-wealthy.

Following the hearing, Jackie Frank expressed confidence that the court would rule in their favour.

“Based on the discussions and information shared, we remain confident that the judgment will favour Barbuda and us,” Frank said after proceedings concluded.

The legal battle has also exposed the involvement of major foreign investors linked to the project. Court filings and advocacy documents referenced developers Peace, Love and Happiness (PLH), backed by billionaire John Paul DeJoria, along with Discovery Land Company (DLC), co-founded by Michael Meldman. According to GLAN, the developers contributed approximately US$5 million toward construction of the airport, which was intended to provide private jet access to luxury villas and high-end tourism developments on the island.

Among the developments linked to the controversy are projects associated with Hollywood actor Robert De Niro, as well as construction within or near environmentally sensitive areas, including protected wetlands and national park lands.

The case has attracted international attention over the years, particularly after a landmark 2024 ruling by the Privy Council in London.

In that decision, the Privy Council overturned an earlier ruling by the Eastern Caribbean Court of Appeal which had determined that Mussington and Frank did not have the legal standing to challenge the airport development.

The Privy Council instead recognised their right to bring the matter before the courts, citing Antigua and Barbuda’s obligations under the Escazú Agreement, an international treaty promoting transparency, environmental protection, and public participation in environmental decision-making.

The ruling was widely viewed as a major legal victory for environmental justice in the Caribbean and marked the first time a Caribbean court relied on the Escazú Agreement in such a significant way.

GLAN lawyer Charlotte Andrews-Briscoe described the case as one with far-reaching implications beyond Barbuda itself.

“The airport that is under challenge by John Mussington and Jackie Frank is a classic case of disaster capitalism,” Andrews-Briscoe said.

“In the wake of Hurricane Irma, while Barbudans were displaced, developers started building an airport — with no regard for its environmental impact, for the people of Barbuda, or for their legal obligations.”

She added that Mussington and Frank had spent nearly a decade fighting the matter through the courts, ultimately establishing an important precedent for citizens across the Caribbean seeking to challenge environmental decisions.

With arguments now concluded, attention turns to the High Court’s pending decision, which could significantly influence future development approvals, environmental protections, and public consultation requirements in Antigua and Barbuda.